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Abstract
To obtain safe blood products, contaminants in source plasma must be eliminated through
screening. Second-generation agglutination tests performed as part of donor screening
have been shown to reduce the risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection to 0.024%
(1/4124) per unit of donated blood. These tests, as well as the third-generation enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay, significantly shortened the window of infectivity (the period
between infection and antibody production) through more sensitive and specific recognition
of anti-HCV antibodies in early-stage HCV infection. Earlier detection may reduce
the risk of contamination of plasma with the high viral load that can be present in
earlystage HCV infection without detectable anti-HCV antibodies. Because alanine aminotransferase
levels increase before detectable seroconversion occurs in the window of infectivity,
screening for alanine aminotransferase levels was found to be useful in determining
which sources of plasma should be eliminated because of HCV contamination.
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© 1996 Published by Elsevier Inc.
