Highlights
- •Dyslipidemia is defined the state of having abnormal blood lipid levels.
- •Calcium and vitamin D co-supplementation is common and widely used.
- •Calcium and vitamin D co-supplementation has a beneficial effect on TC, TG and HDL-C.
Abstract
Purpose
Calcium and vitamin D co-supplementation is common and widely used, but randomized,
controlled trials (RCTs) have yielded inconclusive results concerning its impact on
the serum lipid profile.
Methods
A comprehensive literature search of Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane
Central Register of Controlled Trials, and clinical trial registry databases was conducted
to identify placebo-controlled RCTs that were published through September 2020 and
that evaluated the impact of calcium and vitamin D co-supplementation on total cholesterol
(TC), triglycerides (TGs), low- and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and
high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Standardized mean differences (SMDs)
were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis models.
Findings
Thirteen studies in a total of 2304 participants met the inclusion criteria. Calcium
and vitamin D co-supplementation was associated with significant reductions in both
TC (SMD, −0.81; 95% CI, −1.35 to –0.27; I2 = 94.6%) and TGs (SMD, –0.50; 95% CI, –0.91 to –0.08; I2 = 91.5%), and with a significant increase in HDL-C (SMD, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.60 to 1.83;
I2 = 95.4%). However, calcium and vitamin D co-supplementation were not found to be
associated with significantly decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD,
–0.39; 95% CI, –0.78 to 0.01; I2 = 90.1%) or very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD, –0.01; 95% CI, –0.70 to
0.69; I2 = 82.3%).
Implications
The findings from the present systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that calcium
and vitamin D co-supplementation has a beneficial effect on TC, TG, and HDL-C. Larger-scale,
well-designed RCTs are needed to clarify the effect of calcium and vitamin D co-supplementation
on all lipid-profile components.
Key words
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: August 27, 2021
Accepted:
July 22,
2021
Identification
Copyright
© 2021 Elsevier Inc.
