Abstract
Purpose
The goal of this study was to investigate the pharmacodynamic effects of co-administration
of empagliflozin, a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, with diuretic agents.
Methods
In a randomized, open-label cross-over study, 22 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
received empagliflozin 25 mg for 5 days and either hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg for 4
days followed by hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg plus empagliflozin 25 mg for 5 days, or
torasemide 5 mg for 4 days followed by torasemide 5 mg plus empagliflozin 25 mg for
5 days; 20 completed treatment. Food, fluid, and sodium intake were standardized for
3 days before and during treatment.
Findings
At baseline, the median age of the treated patients was 56 years (range, 40–65 years),
body mass index was 26.8 kg/m2 (range, 20.1–34.4 kg/m2), fasting plasma glucose was 8.6 mmol/L (range, 6.0–12.9 mmol/L), and glycosylated
hemoglobin level was 7.6% (range, 7%–10%). Empagliflozin significantly increased 24-hour
urinary glucose excretion and reduced fasting serum glucose levels. These effects
were maintained after co-administration with either diuretic. Urinary sodium excretion
did not significantly change with empagliflozin or diuretic administration alone,
but seemed to increase compared with either diuretic alone when empagliflozin was
co-administered with either diuretic. Plasma renin and serum aldosterone levels were
unaltered with empagliflozin or torasemide alone, but tended to increase with hydrochlorothiazide
alone, and tended to increase when empagliflozin was co-administered with a diuretic
compared with either diuretic alone. Urinary volume did not increase with empagliflozin
or diuretics alone, but increased when empagliflozin was co-administered with either
diuretic.
Implications
Empagliflozin alone for 5 days increased urinary glucose excretion but did not seem
to have a relevant impact on urine volume or electrolytes. When empagliflozin was
co-administered with a diuretic agent, urinary glucose excretion remained increased,
and the renin-angiotensin system was activated. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01276288.
Key words
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: September 22, 2016
Accepted:
August 18,
2016
Identification
Copyright
© 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
